January planting guide · Central Europe · Zones 5–6

❄️ What to Plant
in January

January — the garden rests under snow, but the wise gardener is already planning the season. Order seeds early, study catalogues and plan crop rotation. Check stored fruit and vegetables. On frost-free days, carry out winter pruning of fruit trees.

❄️ Deep winter 🌍 USDA zones 5–6 📍 Czech Republic & Central Europe
1
Plant to start indoors
2
Trees to prune
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Ready to harvest
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🌱 Start indoors

Only one crop benefits from being started in January — chilli peppers need the longest season of all.

🌶️
Chilli peppers

Sow on a warm windowsill

Sow in a warm place — ideally 25°C. Chillies need 5–6 months from seed to harvest. Starting in January gives them the long season they need to ripen fully before autumn.

✂️ Pruning & trimming

On frost-free days, carry out winter pruning of apple and pear trees. Remove dead, crossing and water-shoot branches.

🍎
Apple tree

Winter pruning — remove dead and crossing branches. Open up the crown for light and airflow. Do this on frost-free days only.

🍐
Pear tree

Winter pruning — remove water shoots and weak branches. Similar timing and approach to apple trees.

💡 January gardening tips

  • Order seeds early — popular varieties sell out quickly
  • Check stored vegetables and fruit — remove any rotting pieces
  • Plan crop rotation for your beds for the new season
  • Clean and oil garden tools before the season starts
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⚠️ Common January mistakes

  • Starting too many seedlings too early — they stretch and become weak in poor winter light
  • Forgetting winter pruning of fruit trees
  • Not protecting tree trunks against frost cracks

🌇 On the balcony in January

🌶️
Chilli peppers

Start on a warm sunny windowsill indoors. Move to the balcony only once night temperatures stay consistently above 10°C.

Frequently asked questions

What can I plant in January in Czech Republic?

In January you can start chilli peppers on a warm, sunny windowsill indoors — they need the longest growing season of any vegetable. It is also the month for winter pruning of apple and pear trees on frost-free days. Most outdoor sowing is too early in January.

When should I start chilli peppers?

Start chilli peppers in January or early February on a warm sunny windowsill (ideally 25°C). Chillies need a very long growing season — 5 to 6 months from seed to harvest — so early sowing is essential to get ripe chillies before autumn in Central Europe.

Can I prune fruit trees in January?

Yes — winter pruning of apple and pear trees is best done from December through February on frost-free days when temperatures stay above 0°C. Remove dead, crossing and water-shoot branches. Avoid pruning cherries and plums in winter as this risks fungal disease.

What should I do in the garden in January?

January is the best month for planning: order seeds early (popular varieties sell out), check stored vegetables and fruit for rot, plan crop rotation for new raised beds, and clean and oil garden tools. On frost-free days, carry out winter pruning of apple and pear trees.

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